Age-Related Macular Degeneration by Alfaro D. Virgil & Kerrison John B

Author:Alfaro, D. Virgil & Kerrison, John B.
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: LWW
Published: 2014-09-03T16:00:00+00:00

Glutathione

GSH is a major component of the endogenous antioxidant system that protects cells from oxidative stress. As briefly mentioned above, the nonenzymatic antioxidants vitamin C and vitamin E require GSH for maximal activity. Vitamin C (ascorbate) scavenges hydrogen peroxide forming oxidized dehydroascorbate whose reduction depends on GSH. Vitamin C further supports antioxidant function of vitamin E by reducing the radical form of vitamin E (138). Thus, by fulfilling the redox cycle of vitamin C and vitamin E, GSH plays a critical role in the maintenance of the eye mediated by these antioxidants (153,154). In addition, GSH serves both as a direct antioxidant and as an important substrate for the enzymatic antioxidant systems such as GSH peroxidase (155,156). Deficiency of GSH leads to tissue damage in animals and even early mortality in newborn rats and guinea pigs (157). In the context of the eye, GSH protects photoreceptor cell membranes from lipid peroxidation (158,159). Furthermore, compounds inducing GSH synthesis protect against oxidative injury in cultured RPE (160).

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